Signs of a Wound Infection: 7 Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

At Healogics, we understand that proper wound care is essential for preventing complications during the healing journey. One of the most concerning complications is infection, which can delay healing and lead to more serious health issues if left untreated. 

As specialists in advanced wound care, we’ve helped thousands of patients recognize and address wound infections before they become serious. Early detection is crucial – the sooner an infection is identified and treated, the better the outcome. 

We’ve compiled seven critical warning signs that might indicate your wound is infected. Being aware of these red flags can help you seek timely medical attention and get back on the path to healing. 

Understanding Wound Infections 

When a wound becomes infected, it means harmful bacteria have multiplied within the wound site, triggering your body’s immune response. We often see infections develop when bacteria overwhelm the body’s natural defenses, especially in wounds that are deep, complex, or in areas with poor circulation. 

Infections commonly develop in stages and often feature the first signs of a wound infection. When an infection develops, bacteria first enter the wound – this can happen during the initial injury or afterward, if the wound isn’t properly protected. Once inside, these microorganisms begin to multiply, causing your body to respond with inflammation. As the infection progresses, it can spread to surrounding tissues and, in severe cases, enter the bloodstream. 

Certain wounds have a higher risk of infection, including: 

• Deep or jagged wounds 
• Wounds with foreign material inside 
• Wounds in areas with poor blood flow 
• Burns or crush injuries 
• Wounds in individuals with diabetes or weakened immune systems 

Understanding this process helps explain why proper wound care is so important—keeping wounds clean and protected creates a barrier against bacteria and supports the body’s natural healing abilities. 

Sign #1: Increased Pain and Tenderness 

We’ve found that changes in pain can be one of the earliest indicators of a developing infection. While some discomfort is normal during the healing process, a sudden increase in pain or tenderness around the wound site should catch your attention. 

Normal healing pain typically decreases gradually over time and may be more noticeable when the wound area is touched or moved. It’s usually localized directly to the wound site and responds well to recommended pain management approaches. 

In contrast, infection-related pain often feels different. You might notice: 

• Pain that intensifies rather than improves 
• Throbbing or pulsing sensations 
• Tenderness that extends beyond the wound edges 
• Discomfort that seems disproportionate to the wound’s appearance 
• Pain that doesn’t respond well to your usual pain relief measures 

This increased pain happens because infection triggers inflammation, putting pressure on nerve endings and causing tissue irritation. If your previously improving wound suddenly becomes more painful, especially if accompanied by increased tenderness when gently pressing around the wound edges, we recommend contacting your healthcare provider promptly. 

Trust your body’s signals. Unexpected changes in pain patterns are your body’s way of alerting you that something may require attention. 

Sign #2: Unusual Discharge 

We commonly see changes in wound drainage as a significant indicator of infection. While some discharge is normal during healing, certain characteristics can signal that bacteria have colonized the wound. 

Normal wound drainage, or exudate, is typically clear to pale yellow and may have a thin or watery consistency. As healing progresses, this drainage usually decreases. 

Watch for these concerning changes that may indicate infection: 

•  Color changes: Drainage that becomes cloudy, yellow-green, or takes on a milky appearance 
• Thick consistency: Fluid that becomes more viscous or pus-like 
• Increased volume: A sudden increase in the amount of drainage 
• Blood-tinged discharge: New or increased bleeding within the drainage 
• Opaque appearance: Discharge that you cannot see through 

Perhaps most telling is the presence of pus—a thick, often yellowish or greenish fluid composed of white blood cells, bacteria, and dead tissue. Pus is a clear sign that your body is fighting an infection and requires medical attention. 

If you notice any of these changes in your wound’s drainage, especially if accompanied by other warning signs, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Proper assessment can determine whether infection is present and what treatment is needed. 

Sign #3: Redness and Warmth 

Distinguishing between normal inflammatory responses and signs of infection is crucial when monitoring wounds during VAC therapy. While some redness and warmth around the wound edges represent normal healing inflammation, certain patterns require immediate attention.  

Normal inflammatory redness typically appears as a thin, even border around the wound edges. This mild redness is part of the body’s natural healing response and should gradually decrease as treatment progresses. The area may feel slightly warm to the touch but should not be excessively hot or painful.  

Concerning redness that might signal a potential infection typically shows:  

• Spreading redness that extends beyond the immediate wound edges 
• Intensification of red color over time rather than fading 
• Streaking appearance that follows lymphatic pathways 
• Significant increase in skin temperature around the wound 
• Association with increased pain, swelling or unusual discharge 

Patients should monitor their wounds daily and report any redness that spreads, intensifies, or does not improve within 24-48 hours. When paired with increased pain, fever or changes in drainage, expanding redness requires prompt evaluation.  

Sign #4: Swelling 

Swelling is a natural part of the wound-healing process, but there are important differences between normal swelling and the kind that might be an indicator of wound infection. 

After an injury, we typically see some swelling as the body sends extra fluid and immune cells to the wounded area. This normal swelling: 

• Appears soon after injury 
• Generally peaks within 24-48 hours 
• Begins to gradually decrease after 2-3 days 
• Responds to elevation and other recommended measures 

When infection develops, swelling follows a different pattern: 

• May increase suddenly after initially improving 
• Persists beyond the expected timeframe 
• Often feels firmer or more tense 
• May have a shiny appearance as the sensitive skin stretches 
• Doesn’t improve with elevation or standard care 

By the end of the first week, normal wound swelling should be noticeably decreasing. If you notice swelling that intensifies after this period, spreads beyond the initial area, or is accompanied by increasing pain or warmth, it’s time to consult with your healthcare provider. 

We’re particularly concerned when a wound that was improving suddenly develops new or increased swelling, as this change in healing pattern often signals a developing complication that requires attention. 

Sign #5: Fever and Chills 

When a wound infection becomes more serious, it can trigger whole-body responses such as fever and chills. These systemic symptoms occur as your immune system mobilizes to fight the spreading infection. 

A temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) in association with a wound may indicate that the infection has progressed beyond just the wound site. This is especially concerning when accompanied by: 

• Chills or shivering 
• Unusual fatigue or weakness 
• General malaise or feeling unwell 
• Rapid heart rate 
• Confusion or disorientation in severe cases 

We consider these symptoms of an infected wound urgent warning signs that require immediate medical attention. They may indicate that bacteria have entered the bloodstream (sepsis) or are spreading to surrounding tissues (cellulitis) – both serious conditions that need prompt treatment. 

Don’t wait to seek care if you develop a fever along with your wound, particularly if it’s accompanied by other symptoms of infection. Even after hours, these symptoms warrant emergency attention rather than waiting until your next scheduled appointment. 

For patients with diabetes or compromised immune systems, even a low-grade fever can signal a significant infection, so we recommend an even lower threshold for seeking care if you have these underlying conditions. 

Sign #6: Foul Odor 

One of the more noticeable symptoms of wound infection is an unpleasant smell coming from the wound. We find that patients or caregivers often detect odor changes before other signs become obvious. 

Healthy healing wounds typically have a minimal odor or sometimes a slightly sweet or metallic smell. When bacteria colonize a wound, they produce waste products that can create distinctive and often foul odors. 

Particularly concerning odors include: 

• Strong, pungent smells 
• Fishy odors 
• Ammonia-like scents 
• Putrid or rotting smells 

These odors develop because different types of bacteria produce different byproducts as they multiply within the wound. Some anaerobic bacteria (those that thrive without oxygen) are especially known for creating strong, unpleasant odors. 

If you notice your wound developing a new or worsening smell, especially one that persists after cleaning, this could indicate infection. When combined with other symptoms of wound infection, like increased drainage or even mild redness, an unusual odor strongly suggests bacterial contamination that requires medical assessment. 

Remember that some dressings or topical treatments may have their own distinct smells. If you’re unsure whether an odor is from your treatment or a possible infection, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider. 

Sign #7: Delayed Healing 

Wound healing typically follows a predictable timeline. When this process stalls or reverses, infection may be the culprit. 

Under normal circumstances, most wounds show clear signs of healing within 1-2 weeks, with consistent progress thereafter. You should notice the wound gradually shrinking in size, developing healthy pink or red tissue, and forming new skin at the edges. 

Concerns arise when: 

• A wound shows no improvement after 2 weeks of proper care 
• Healing progress plateaus without explanation 
• A previously improving wound begins to worsen 
• The wound edges appear to be separating rather than closing 
• New areas of breakdown develop around the original wound 

Infection disrupts the healing process by prolonging inflammation and preventing the wound from progressing to the tissue-building phase. Bacteria compete for oxygen and nutrients that would otherwise support healing while also releasing toxins that damage surrounding tissues. 

If your wound seems stalled in its healing journey, particularly if you notice other symptoms we’ve outlined, it’s essential to seek professional evaluation. Early intervention can address underlying infection and help get healing back on track. 

We recommend keeping a simple healing log, including notes or photos, to track your wound’s progress. This documentation can help both you and your healthcare provider recognize when healing isn’t proceeding as expected. 

Prevention and Care 

Taking proper care of your wound is the best way to prevent infection. We recommend following these guidelines to create an optimal environment for healing: 

Proper Cleaning Techniques 

• Wash your hands thoroughly before touching the wound or dressing materials 
• Clean the wound as directed by your healthcare provider, typically using gentle irrigation with saline or prescribed cleansers 
• Avoid harsh products like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can damage healing tissue 
• Clean from the center outward to avoid bringing outside contaminants into the wound 
• Pat the surrounding skin dry carefully, avoiding direct contact with the wound bed 

Effective Dressing Practices 

• Apply dressings as recommended by your healthcare provider 
• Change dressings at the prescribed intervals or sooner if they become wet or soiled 
• Create a seal around the wound to prevent outside contaminants from entering 
• Use clean or sterile supplies for each dressing change 
• Dispose of used dressings properly in sealed bags 

Additional Prevention Measures 

• Keep your wound covered as directed 
• Avoid touching or scratching the wound area 
• Follow activity restrictions to prevent wound stress 
• Maintain good nutrition and hydration to support healing 
• Control underlying conditions like diabetes that affect healing

Following these practices creates a protective environment that supports your body’s natural healing process while reducing the risk of bacterial contamination. 

 When to Seek Professional Help 

We recommend seeking immediate professional care in the following situations: 

• You develop a fever above 100.4°F (38°C) associated with your wound 
• Redness is spreading beyond the wound or forming streaks 
• Pain suddenly increases or becomes significantly worse 
• The wound develops a foul odor that persists after cleaning 
• You notice thick, colored discharge or increased drainage 
• The wound appears to be getting larger rather than healing 
• You experience increasing swelling, warmth, or hardening around the wound 
• You have a chronic condition like diabetes or PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease) and develop any new wound 
• If you have a history of poor wound healing or are immunocompromised 

At Healogics, our wound care specialists have extensive experience treating infected and complex wounds. Our comprehensive approach includes advanced assessment techniques, specialized treatments, and individualized care plans designed to address infections and promote healing. 

Don’t delay seeking care if you notice possible signs of infection. Early intervention significantly improves outcomes and can prevent serious complications. Our wound care teams are ready to provide the expert care you need to get your healing back on track. 

If you’re unsure whether your wound requires professional attention, it’s always better to avoid risk and err on the side of caution. Contact your healthcare provider or your nearest wound care center for guidance. 

Expert Wound Care at Healogics 

At Healogics, our mission guides everything we do: FIND. TREAT. HEAL.™ We’re dedicated to identifying wound infections early, providing effective treatment options, and helping you heal completely. 

Our specialized approach to wound infections include the following: 

• Comprehensive assessment by wound care specialists 
• Advanced diagnostic tools to identify infection type and severity 
• Customized treatment plans addressing your specific infection 
• Evidence-based protocols for optimal healing outcomes 
• Ongoing monitoring to ensure effective resolution 

We understand that wound infections can be concerning and uncomfortable. Our expert team combines clinical excellence with compassionate care to address both the physical and emotional aspects of dealing with a wound infection. 

Don’t let a wound infection progress – early intervention leads to better outcomes. If you notice any of the warning signs we’ve discussed, contact your nearest Healogics Wound Care Center or visit your healthcare provider. 

To find a Healogics Wound Care Center near you or to schedule an appointment, click here or visit our website at https://www.healogics.com/. No referral is needed to receive the specialized care your wound deserves.